Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwenza iphepha "yokutsala - ukwenza iphepha - ukugqiba", umcoci sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esimisela ukusebenza kwefayibha kunye nomgangatho wephepha. Ngokusebenzisa izenzo zomzimba, zekhemikhali, okanye ezidibeneyo zoomatshini nezekhemikhali, uyasika, anyibilikise, i-fibrillation, kwaye acoce iifayibha zepulp, evumela iifayibha ezikhululekileyo ukuba zenze amandla okubopha aqinileyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni anike iphepha ukusebenza okuphambili okufana namandla, ukufana, kunye nokufunxwa kwe-inki. Ukusuka kwiimililo zamatye zemveli ukuya kwizixhobo zanamhlanje ezikrelekrele, ukuphindaphinda kwetekhnoloji kwabacoci bekuhlala kugxile kwimigaqo emithathu ephambili "yokusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla", okuba yinkxaso ebalulekileyo ekuphuculweni koshishino lokwenza iphepha.

I. Imisebenzi Ephambili kunye noMgaqo-siseko Wokusebenza Kwabacoci

Umsebenzi ophambili womcoci “kukuphucula imo yefayibha”, kwaye umgaqo wayo osebenzayo ungashwankathelwa ngokuthi “ukuguqulwa kwefayibha phantsi kwesenzo soomatshini”:

• Umgaqo oSisiseko: Xa i-pulp idlula phakathi kweediski zomcoci (okanye iiroli), ifakwa kumandla adibeneyo oomatshini afana nokucheba, ukukhupha, kunye nokuxova. Iindonga zeseli yefayibha ziyakrazulwa ukuze zenze ii-microfibrils, kwaye umphezulu uvelisa isakhiwo esixineneyo sefayibha. Kwangaxeshanye, iifayibha ezinde kakhulu ziyasikwa ngokufanelekileyo, okwenza ukusasazwa kobude befayibha kuhambelane neemfuno zokwenza iphepha.
• Imisebenzi Engundoqo: Okokuqala, phucula amandla okubopha ifayibha ukuze iphepha libe namandla aneleyo okutsalwa, amandla okukrazula, kunye namandla okugqabhuka; okwesibini, phucula ukufana kokudibanisa ifayibha ukuqinisekisa ukuba iphepha lilingana kwaye lithe tyaba; okwesithathu, lungelelanisa neemfuno zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephepha, njengephepha lenkcubeko elifuna iifayibha ezincinci ukuphucula ukuprintwa, kunye nephepha lokupakisha elifuna iifayibha ezinde nezinde ukomeleza ukuqina.

II. Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neempawu zobugcisa zabacoci

Ngokwendlela yoyilo lwesakhiwo, indlela yokusebenza, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, abacoci abaqhelekileyo kushishino lokwenza amaphepha bahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezine ezilandelayo, nganye inengqwalasela yayo yobugcisa kunye nobubanzi bokusetyenziswa:

1. Umcoci weeDiski

• Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo: Yenziwe ngediski esisigxina (idiski engashukumiyo) kunye nediski ejikelezayo (idiski ejikelezayo). Umphezulu wediski usasazwa ngeendawo zokusila ezineemilo ezahlukeneyo zamazinyo (ezifana ne-serrated, trapezoidal, spiral), kwaye ubunzulu bokucoca bulawulwa ngokulungisa umsantsa wediski.
• Iingenelo zobugcisa: Ukusebenza kakuhle kokucocwa, ukuguqulwa kwefayibha efanayo. Ingaziqhelanisa neepulps ezahlukeneyo (ipulp yomthi, ipulp yestraw, ipulp yephepha elilahliweyo) ngokutshintsha iimilo zamazinyo ediski, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesona sixhobo sokucoca esisetyenziswa kakhulu esigubungela iphepha lenkcubeko, iphepha lokupakisha, iphepha langasese, kunye nezinye iintlobo zephepha.
• Iintlobo ezingaphantsi: Umatshini wokucoca idiski enye (osebenza kwelinye icala lediski), umatshini wokucoca idiski ezimbini (osebenza kumacala omabini ediski ngaxeshanye), umatshini wokucoca idiski ezintathu (idiski ephakathi engashukumiyo + iidiski ezimbini ezijikelezayo ezisemacaleni, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu).

2. Umcoci weConical

• Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo: Yamkela indibaniselwano ye-conical stator kunye ne-rotor. I-pulp ihamba ngokukhawuleza ecaleni kwe-conical gap, iphantsi kokuchetywa okuqhubekayo kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ubunzulu bokucoca bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokulungelelanisa i-conical gap.
• Iingenelo zobugcisa: Ukusikwa kwefayibha encinci, isiphumo esihle se-fibrillation, ifanelekile kwiintlobo zephepha ezifuna ukugcinwa kwefayibha eninzi (njengephepha le-kraft, i-linerboard). Ikwanozinzo oluqinileyo lokusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, okuqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwesibini kwe-pulp yephepha elimdaka okanye ukucutshungulwa kakuhle kwe-pulp yezinga eliphezulu.

3. Umcoci weCylindrical

• Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo: Yenziwe ngeroli yokugaya esisilinda kunye nepleyiti yokugaya efana ne-arc. Umphezulu weroli yokugaya uxhotyiswe ngamazinyo okugaya anqamlezileyo okanye ajikelezayo. Ukujikeleza kweroli yokugaya kuqhuba ukuhamba kwe-pulp kwaye kugqibezele inkqubo yokucoca.
• Iingenelo zobugcisa: Ukunyamezela kakhulu ukungcola (okufana neenkozo zesanti, iziqwenga zeplastiki) kwi-pulp, akulula ukuzivala. Ifanelekile ekugayweni kwe-pulp yephepha elimdaka okanye ekunyangweni kwangaphambili kwezinto ezikrwada zefayibha efana ne-straw pulp, esetyenziswa rhoqo kwinkqubo yokucoca imigca yemveliso ye-pulp.

4. Umcoci oHlanganisa izinto ngokuQinisekileyo

• Iimpawu zoLwakhiwo: Ifanelekile kwiindawo zepulp ezihambelanayo kakhulu (15%-40%). Isebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokondla (esifana ne-screw feeder) ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwepulp kwindawo yokusila efanayo. Imilo yezinyo lediski ikakhulu yidizayini enamazinyo abanzi kunye nendawo enkulu yokwandisa isiphumo sokuxova ifayibha.
• Iingenelo zobugcisa: I-fibrillation ephezulu yefayibha, amandla aqinileyo okubopha, anokuphucula kakhulu amandla ephepha. Kwiimeko ezihambelanayo kakhulu, ukusika ifayibha kuncinci kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphantsi. Ifanelekile ekucocweni kakuhle kweentlobo zephepha ezikumgangatho ophezulu (ezifana nephepha eligqunyiweyo, iphepha elikhethekileyo) okanye ukucubungula i-pulp okufuna ukubopha ifayibha enamandla aphezulu.

III. IiParamitha zoBugcisa eziphambili kunye neMigaqo yoKhetho lwabaHlaziyi

1. Iiparamitha zobuGcisa eziPhambili

• Ukucocwa kokungaguquguquki: Yahlulwe ngokwezinga eliphantsi (≤8%), izinga eliphakathi (8%-15%), kunye nezinga eliphezulu (≥15%). Ukungaguquguquki kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunye nemo yefayibha, njengokucocwa okuphezulu okugxile kwi-fibrillation kunye nokucocwa okuncinci okugxile ekusikeni.
• Isithuba seDiski: Ipharamitha ephambili echaza ubungakanani bokucoca. Okukhona umsantsa uncinci, kokukhona ubukhulu bokucoca buphezulu. Kufuneka ilungiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokweemfuno zohlobo lwephepha kunye neempawu zepulp (ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa kwi-0.1-1.0mm).
• Ubume bezinyo leDiski kunye nobubanzi bezinyo: Ukuma kwamazinyo kuchaphazela indlela imicu ecinezelwe ngayo (ukuma kwamazinyo ohlobo lwe-shear kufanelekile ukusika, ukuma kwamazinyo ohlobo lwe-cowding kufanelekile kwi-fibrillation). Ububanzi bamazinyo bumisela indawo yokudibana kwendawo yokusila, ekufuneka ihambelane nohlobo lwe-pulp kunye nendawo ekujoliswe kuyo yokucocwa.
• Amandla eMoto kunye nesantya sokujika: Amandla amisela umthamo wokucoca (ngesiqhelo yi-55-1000kW), kwaye isantya sokujikeleza sichaphazela isantya somgca wediski (ngesiqhelo yi-1500-3000r/min). Isantya esiphezulu somgca sithetha amandla aqinileyo okucheba, afanelekileyo kwiimfuno zokucoca ngamandla aphezulu.
• Umthamo: Ikhethwe ngokwesikali somgca wemveliso. Umthamo wesixhobo esinye uhlala u-5-100t/d, kwaye imigca yemveliso emikhulu ingasebenzisa uthotho lweeyunithi ezininzi okanye uqwalaselo oluhambelanayo.

2. Imigaqo yoKhetho oluPhambili

• Ziqhelanise neemfuno zohlobo lwephepha: Kwiphepha lokupakisha elinamandla aphezulu, kuqala kunikwa abacoci abaqinileyo okanye abacoci abakhonkxiweyo; kwiphepha elincinci lenkcubeko, kunokukhethwa abacoci abaneediski ezimbini okanye abacoci abaneediski ezintathu; xa kulungiswa i-pulp yephepha elilahliweyo, kukhethwa abacoci abasilinda okanye abacoci abangenakungcoliswa.
• Iimpawu zeMatch Pulp: I-pulp yomthi ineefayibha ezinde, ngoko ke gxila kwi-fibrillation, kwaye ii-refiner ezihlala ziqinile okanye ii-refiner ezikhonkxiweyo azinyanzelekanga; i-pulp yestraw ineefayibha ezimfutshane, ngoko ke inqanaba lokusika kufuneka lilawulwe, kwaye ii-refiner zediski ezingaguquguqukiyo azinyanzelekanga; i-pulp yephepha elilahliweyo ineenkunkuma ezininzi, ngoko ke izixhobo ezimelana nokuvaleka kufuneka zikhethwe.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kweBalance kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla: Xa idibene neemfuno zomthamo wemigca yemveliso, khetha izixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokucocwa. Umzekelo, imigca yemveliso emikhulu ingasebenzisa abacoci beediski ezintathu, kwaye imigca yemveliso emincinci nephakathi ingasebenzisa abacoci beediski enye okanye abacoci beediski ezimbini.
• Cinga ngokuziqhelanisa noBuchule: Abacoci banamhlanje baxhotyiswe kakhulu ziinkqubo zolawulo ze-PLC, ezinokubeka esweni inkqubo yokucoca ngexesha langempela (njengobude befayibha, ukuqina kwepulp, imeko yokuguguleka kwediski) kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-closed-loop. Xa ukhetha, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa inqanaba lobukrelekrele bomgca wemveliso kwaye unike kuqala izixhobo ezinokunxibelelana kwaye kube lula ukuzigcina.

IV. Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji lwabaHlaziyi

Ngokutshintsha koshishino lokwenza amaphepha ukuya “kwi-green low-carbon, ubukrelekrele obusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu”, itekhnoloji yokucoca inika iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zophuhliso:

• Uphuculo olukrelekrele: Hlanganisa ii-sensors, i-Intanethi yezinto, kunye netekhnoloji ye-AI ukuze kujongwe inkqubo yokucoca ngexesha langempela kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lwe-closed-loop, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokucoca kunye nozinzo.
• Uphuculo lokonga umbane: Lungiselela uyilo lwesakhiwo sediski (njengokumila kwezinyo le-bionic), sebenzisa ii-motors ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula isantya sokuguqulwa kwamaza ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okucoca iiyunithi. Ezinye izixhobo zokuhlaziya ezintsha zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-15%-30% xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kweMisebenzi emininzi: Phuhlisa izixhobo ezidibeneyo "zokucoca - ukucoca - ukucoca" ukunciphisa iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nendawo yomgangatho wezixhobo; jolise kwiimfuno zephepha ezikhethekileyo, phuhlisa izixhobo zokucoca ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nezixhobo zokucoca ifayibha ezicolekileyo kakhulu, izixhobo zokuhlaziya ezikhethekileyo ze-bio-mechanical pulp) ukwandisa iimeko zokusetyenziswa.

Njenge "nto esisiseko" sokwenza iphepha, inqanaba lobuchwephesha labacoci linxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nomgangatho wephepha, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Kwimeko yeshishini lokwenza iphepha elifuna uphuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu, ukukhetha iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zabacoci, ukwenza ngcono iiparameter zobugcisa eziphambili, kunye nokuhambisana neendlela zophuhliso zobukrelekrele kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuya kuba sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo kumashishini okuphucula ukhuphiswano lwawo oluphambili.