Ukusukela oko uLouis Robert waseFransi wasungula umatshini wokuqala wephepha oqhubekekayo ngo-1799, obu buchwephesha butshintshe ukusasazeka kwempucuko yoluntu ngesantya esimangalisayo. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-200, oomatshini bephepha baguqukele kwiiprototypes zakudala ezifakwe ngesandla baba ziingxilimbela zanamhlanje ezinesantya esidlula i-1500 yeemitha ngomzuzu, ziqhutywa kukudluliselwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhluma: Ukusuka kwiLebhu ukuya kwiMveliso eNinzi

Uyilo lukaLouis Robert ngo-1799 lwaphawula ukuphela kokwenziwa kwephepha ngesandla. Lo matshini wakudala oneentambo ezinde, onomgca wobhedu obubanzi obuyi-640mm kunye nobude obuyi-3000mm kunye nesantya esimalunga neemitha ezi-5 ngomzuzu, wabeka ingqiqo ephambili yokwenza iphepha rhoqo.

Ngo-1803, exhaswa yi-stationer uHenry Fourdrinier, injineli yaseBritane uBryan Donkin wakha umatshini wokuqala weFourdrinier owenziwe ngobuninzi waza wawufaka kwiFrogmore Paper Mill e-UK. Ngobubanzi bephepha obuyi-813mm kunye necandelo lokushicilela eliqhubekayo lokukhupha amanzi, waqalisa ngokusesikweni ixesha lokwenziwa kwephepha kwimizi-mveliso.

Ukuqala: Ukuphumelela kwiiTekhnoloji eziphambili

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-19, iimodyuli eziphambili zoomatshini bephepha zavela emva kwenye:

• Ubuchwepheshe beSilinda yeMold: Yaqanjwa nguBraman ngo-1805, yabeka isiseko seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bephepha.
• Inkqubo yokomisa: Ii-dryer zavela ngo-1816, ekuqaleni zifudunyezwa ngamalahle ngaphandle kwezigqubuthelo; ngo-1823, uCrompton wasungula ii-dryer ezifudunyezwa ngomphunga ezinee-dryer felts, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokomisa.
• Ukuphuculwa kweCandelo leeNkcukacha zeendaba kunye neeNtamboUJohn Dickinson wanelungelo lokushicilela lesibini ngo-1817; uThomas Barutt wenza izixhobo zokushukumisa iingcingo kunye nezixhobo ze-watermark ngo-1830, nto leyo eyaphucula umgangatho wephepha kunye nozinzo.

Ngo-1840, ububanzi bomatshini weFourdrinier babungaphezulu kwe-1525mm (ii-intshi ezingama-60), nto leyo eyavula indlela yokwenziwa kwemveliso enkulu.

Ukutsiba: Uguquko kuMandla kunye nokuZenzekelayo

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, impumelelo yenguqu kwezoshishino yangena nzulu ekwenzeni amaphepha:

• Uyilo lwaMandlaNgo-1894, umzi-mveliso wephepha wase-Austria waqala ukusebenzisa i-electric motor drive endaweni yeenjini zomphunga, nto leyo eyandisa isantya kunye nozinzo.
• Ukuhlola Okukhawulezayo: Owona matshini wephepha mkhulu eMelika wavela ngo-1896, ububanzi bawo buyi-4060mm kunye nesantya se-152m/min; ukuveliswa kwee-vacuum couch rolls ngo-1908, ukukhupha amanzi kwicandelo leentambo.
• Ukuphuculwa kweDrive yoMbaneNgo-1909, uVoith noBrown Boveri baphuhlisa i-sectional electric drive, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zonke iindawo zomatshini zihambelane ngesantya esichanekileyo.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, ii-headbox ze-hydraulic kunye nee-headbox ezinee-layered zaqinisekisa ukwakheka kwephepha elifanayo; ii-crown rolls eziguquguqukayo zasombulula ukuphambuka kwe-roll ngesantya esiphezulu.

Incopho: Isantya kunye nemida yoomatshini bephepha banamhlanje

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, oomatshini bephepha bangene kwixesha "lokhuphiswano lwesantya":

Ngo-1993, iMachine 6 eJämsänkoski Mill yaseFinland yavelisa iphepha elinobukhulu obuyi-56g/m² kwi-1502m/min enobubanzi bentambo obuyi-10.1m; kwangaloo nyaka, iMachine 7 eKaipola Mill yabeka irekhodi lephepha le-newsprint le-1530m/min. Ezi zigebenga zenziwe nguValmet zazimele incopho yehlabathi yobuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha.

Okwangoku, oomatshini abavuthiweyo beengcingo ezimbini, oomatshini bokushicilela abadibeneyo kunye neebhokisi zeentloko ze-air-cushion ziphumelele ububanzi, isantya kunye nomgangatho; izixhobo ezintsha ezifana neengcingo zeplastiki kunye neebhodi zokukhupha amanzi ze-tungsten carbide ziphucule ukuqina nokusebenza kakuhle.

Ukujonga emva kunye nethemba

Ukususela kumatshini kaRobert onamaqhina ngesandla ukuya kwiinkampani ezinkulu zanamhlanje ezikhawulezayo, imbali yoomatshini bephepha iyinto yobuchwepheshe obuphindaphindeneyo kwaye ingqina ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwempucuko yoluntu. Yaguqula ukuveliswa kwephepha kwaye yenza ukuba ulwazi nolwazi lusasazeke ngokubanzi. Ngoku, phakathi kwesantya sedijithali, oomatshini bephepha baguqukela ekongeni amandla, ubukrelekrele kunye nokuveliswa kwephepha okukhethekileyo, beqhubeka nentsomi yabo kwixesha elitsha.