Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa oomatshini bephepha, imiqulu eyahlukeneyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo, ukusuka ekususeni amanzi kwiiweb zephepha ezimanzi ukuya ekusekweni kweeweb zephepha ezomileyo. Njengenye yeendlela zobuchwepheshe eziphambili kuyilo lweeroli zoomatshini bephepha, "isithsaba" - nangona umahluko omncinci wejometri obonakala ngathi ubandakanya - simisela ngokuthe ngqo ukufana kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wephepha. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo iteknoloji yesithsaba yeeroli zoomatshini bephepha kwiinkalo zenkcazo, umgaqo wokusebenza, ukwahlulahlula, izinto eziphambili ezinempembelelo kuyilo, kunye nokugcinwa, lityhila ixabiso lalo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso yephepha.

1. Inkcazo yesithsaba: Umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwiiyantlukwano ezincinci

Igama elithi “Crown” (elichazwa ngesiNgesi njenge “Crown”) libhekisa ngokukodwa kwisakhiwo esikhethekileyo sejometri yeeroli zomatshini wephepha kwicala elijikelezayo (ngobude). Ububanzi bendawo ephakathi yomzimba weroli bukhulu kancinci kunobo beendawo zokugqibela, okwenza i-contour efana “nedrama yesinqe”. Lo mahluko wobubanzi udla ngokulinganiswa ngee-micrometer (μm), kwaye ixabiso lesithsaba sezinye iiroli ezinkulu zokucinezela linokufikelela kwi-0.1-0.5 mm.

Isalathisi esiphambili sokulinganisa uyilo lwesithsaba "lixabiso lesithsaba", elibalwa njengomahluko phakathi kobubanzi obukhulu bomzimba wesithsaba (ngesiqhelo kwindawo ephakathi kwicala le-axial) kunye nobubanzi beziphelo zesithsaba. Ngokwenyani, uyilo lwesithsaba lubandakanya ukuseta kwangaphambili lo mahluko mncinci wobubanzi ukuze kulungiswe ukuguquguquka "kokugoba okuphakathi" kwesithsaba esibangelwa zizinto ezifana namandla kunye notshintsho lobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza kwangempela. Ekugqibeleni, ifezekisa ukusasazwa okufanayo koxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano kulo lonke ububanzi bomphezulu wesithsaba kunye newebhu yephepha (okanye ezinye izinto zoqhagamshelwano), ibeka isiseko esiqinileyo somgangatho wephepha.

2. Imisebenzi ephambili yesithsaba: Ukuhlawula ukuguqulwa kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo olufanayo

Ngexesha lokusebenza kweeroli zomatshini wephepha, ukuguquka akunakuphepheka ngenxa yemithwalo yoomatshini, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngaphandle koyilo lwesithsaba, olu kuguquka luya kukhokelela kuxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo phakathi komphezulu wesithsaba kunye newebhu yephepha — “uxinzelelo oluphezulu kuzo zombini iziphelo kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi embindini” — okubangela ngokuthe ngqo imiba yomgangatho enzulu efana nobunzima obungalinganiyo kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi okungalinganiyo kwephepha. Ixabiso eliphambili lesithsaba lilele ekuhlawuleni ngokukhutheleyo olu tshintsho, olubonakala ngokukodwa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

2.1 Ukuhlawula i-Roll Bending Deformation

Xa imiqolo engundoqo yoomatshini bephepha, efana nemiqolo yokushicilela kunye nemiqolo yekhalenda, isebenza, kufuneka ifake uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiwebhu yephepha. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluhambelanayo lwemiqolo yokushicilela lunokufikelela kwi-100-500 kN/m. Kwimiqolo enomlinganiselo omkhulu wobude ukuya kububanzi (umz., ubude bemiqolo yokushicilela kumatshini wephepha obubanzi bunokuba ziimitha ezi-8-12), ukuguquguquka kwe-elastic kokugoba okusezantsi embindini kwenzeka phantsi koxinzelelo, okufana "nokugoba kwepali yamahlombe phantsi komthwalo". Olu tshintsho lubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu loqhagamshelwano phakathi kweziphelo zemiqolo kunye newebhu yephepha, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphakathi lunganelanga. Ngenxa yoko, iwebhu yephepha iyasuswa kakhulu kuzo zombini iziphelo (okubangela ukoma okuphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi) kunye nokususwa kancinci embindini (okubangela ukoma okuphantsi kunye nobunzima obuphezulu).

Nangona kunjalo, ulwakhiwo "olumile okwedrama" loyilo lwesithsaba luqinisekisa ukuba emva kokuba umqulu ugobile, wonke umphezulu womqulu uhlala unxibelelana ngaxeshanye newebhu yephepha, nto leyo efikelela kusasazo loxinzelelo olufanayo. Oku kujongana ngempumelelo nemingcipheko yomgangatho ebangelwa kukuguquguquka komqulu.

2.2 Ukuhlawula i-Roll Thermal Deformation

Eminye imiqulu, efana nemiqulu yesikhokelo kunye nemiqulu yekhalenda kwicandelo lokomisa, ikhula ngobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza ngenxa yokudibana nemiqulu yephepha enobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufudumeza ngomphunga. Ekubeni inxalenye ephakathi yomzimba wemiqulu ishushu ngokupheleleyo (iziphelo ziqhagamshelwe kwiibheringi kwaye zikhupha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza), ukwanda kwayo ngobushushu kukhulu kunokwemiqulu, nto leyo ekhokelela "kwiqhubu eliphakathi" lomzimba wemiqulu. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa koyilo lwesithsaba oluqhelekileyo kuya kuyenza mandundu uxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo. Ke ngoko, "isithsaba esingalunganga" (apho ububanzi benxalenye ephakathi buncinci kancinci kunobo beziphelo, okwaziwa ngokuba "sisithsaba esingasemva") kufuneka senzelwe ukuthintela iqhubu elongezelelweyo elibangelwa kukwanda kobushushu, ukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olufanayo kumphezulu wemiqulu.

2.3 Ukuhlawula i-Uneven Roll Surface Wear

Ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide, eminye imiqulu (efana nemiqulu yerabha ecinezelayo) ifumana ukungqubana rhoqo kwimiphetho yewebhu yephepha (njengoko imiphetho yewebhu yephepha idla ngokuthwala ukungcola), nto leyo ebangela ukuguguleka ngokukhawuleza eziphelweni kunasembindini. Ngaphandle koyilo lwesithsaba, umphezulu wemiqulu uya kubonisa "ukudumba embindini kunye nokugoba eziphelweni" emva kokuguguleka, nto leyo echaphazela ukusasazwa koxinzelelo. Ngokumisela isithsaba kwangaphambili, ukufana komphezulu wemiqulu kunokugcinwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuguguleka, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemiqulu kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso okubangelwa kukuguguleka.

3. Uhlu lweSithsaba: Ukhetho loBugcisa oluLungiselelwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza

Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomatshini wephepha (ohamba ngesantya esiphantsi/ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, obanzi obumxinwa/obubanzi), umsebenzi wokuqengqeleka (ukucinezela/ukulinganisa/ukukhokela), kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, isithsaba sinokwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ngeentlobo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesithsaba zahlukile kwiimpawu zoyilo, iindlela zokulungisa, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, njengoko kuchaziwe kwitheyibhile elandelayo:

4. Izinto Eziphambili Ezinefuthe Kuyilo Lwesithsaba: Ukubala Okuchanekileyo Ukuze Kuhambelane Neemfuno Zemveliso

Ixabiso lesithsaba alimiselwanga ngokungacwangciswanga; kufuneka libalwe ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe kwiiparameter zomqukumbelo kunye neemeko zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ngempumelelo. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela uyilo lwesithsaba ziquka ikakhulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

4.1 Ubukhulu beRoll kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo

1. Ubude boMzimba weRoll (L): Okukhona umzimba weroli umde, kokukhona ukugoba kukhulu phantsi koxinzelelo olufanayo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ixabiso lesithsaba elifunekayo likhulu. Umzekelo, imiqulu emide kumatshini wephepha obanzi ifuna ixabiso lesithsaba elikhulu kunemiqulu emifutshane kumatshini wephepha obanzi obuncinci ukuze kulungiswe ukugoba.
2. Ububanzi bomzimba ojikelezayo (D): Okukhona ububanzi bomzimba weroli buncinci, kokukhona ubulukhuni buphantsi, kwaye kokukhona iroli itshintsha xa iphantsi koxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ixabiso elikhulu lesithsaba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imiqolo enobubanzi obukhulu inobulukhuni obuphezulu, kwaye ixabiso lesithsaba linokuncipha ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ukuqina kwezinto: Izinto ezahlukeneyo zemizimba yemiqolo zinobulukhuni obahlukeneyo; umzekelo, imiqolo yentsimbi inobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu kunemiqolo yentsimbi ephosiweyo. Izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphantsi zibonisa ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo, zifuna ixabiso elikhulu lesithsaba.

4.2 Uxinzelelo Lokusebenza (Uxinzelelo Oluthe Ngqo)

Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo (uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo) lweeroli ezifana nee-press rolls kunye nee-calendar rolls yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela uyilo lwesithsaba. Okukhona uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo lukhulu, kokukhona ukuguquguquka komzimba we-roll kubaluleke ngakumbi, kwaye ixabiso lesithsaba kufuneka lonyuswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kulungiswe ukuguquguquka. Ubudlelwane babo bunokubonakaliswa ngokurhabaxa ngefomyula elula: Ixabiso lesithsaba H ≈ (P×L³)/(48×E×I), apho u-P luxinzelelo oluthe ngqo, u-L bubude be-roll, u-E yi-elastic modulus yezinto, kwaye u-I ngumzuzu we-inertia we-roll cross-section. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluthe ngqo lwee-press rolls zephepha lokupakisha ludla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-300 kN/m, ngoko ke ixabiso lesithsaba elihambelanayo kufuneka libe likhulu kunelo le-press rolls zephepha lenkcubeko elinoxinzelelo oluthe ngqo oluphantsi.

4.3 Isantya soMatshini kunye nohlobo lwePhepha

1. Isantya soMatshini: Xa oomatshini bephepha abakhawulezayo (isantya esingaphezulu kwe-1200 m/min) besebenza, iwebhu yephepha ivakalelwa ngakumbi kukufana koxinzelelo kunaleyo ikwiimashini zephepha ezikhawulezayo. Nokuba kukutshintshatshintsha koxinzelelo okuncinci kunokubangela iziphene zomgangatho wephepha. Ke ngoko, oomatshini bephepha abakhawulezayo bahlala besebenzisa "isithsaba esilawulekayo" ukuze bafumane imbuyekezo yexesha langempela yokuguquguquka okuguquguqukayo kunye nokuqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo.
2. Uhlobo lwePhephaIintlobo ezahlukeneyo zephepha zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufana koxinzelelo. Iphepha lezicubu (umz., iphepha langasese elinobunzima obuyi-10-20 g/m²) linobunzima obuphantsi kwaye libuthathaka kakhulu kutshintsho loxinzelelo, lifuna uyilo lwesithsaba oluchanekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iphepha elingqindilili (umz., ikhadibhodi enobunzima obuyi-150-400 g/m²) linamandla okumelana notshintsho loxinzelelo, ngoko ke iimfuno zokuchaneka kwesithsaba zinokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

5. Imiba yeCrown eqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo: Ukuhlolwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa imveliso ezinzileyo

Uyilo lwesithsaba olungenangqiqo okanye ukugcinwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kuya kuchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wephepha kwaye kubangele uthotho lweengxaki zemveliso. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zesithsaba kunye namanyathelo okuchasana nawo zezi zilandelayo:

5.1 Ixabiso lesithsaba Esikhulu Kakhulu

Ixabiso elikhulu kakhulu lesithsaba likhokelela kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo phakathi komphezulu weroli, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nokoma okuphezulu kwephepha embindini. Kwiimeko ezinzima, linokubangela "ukutyumza" (ukuqhekeka kwefayibha), okuchaphazela amandla kunye nenkangeleko yephepha.

Iindlela zokuchasana: Kwiiroli zesithsaba ezisisigxina ezisetyenziswa koomatshini bephepha abasebenzisa isantya esiphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha iiroli ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lesithsaba. Kwiiroli zesithsaba ezilawulwayo koomatshini bephepha abasebenzisa isantya esiphezulu, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye lwe-pneumatic lungancitshiswa ngenkqubo yesithsaba esilawulwayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ixabiso lesithsaba de usasazo loxinzelelo lufane.

5.2 Ixabiso lesithsaba elincinci kakhulu

Ixabiso elincinci kakhulu lesithsaba libangela uxinzelelo olunganelanga phakathi komphezulu weroli, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhutshweni kwamanzi okunganelanga kwephepha embindini, ukoma okuncinci, ubunzima obuphezulu, kunye neziphene zomgangatho ezifana "namabala amanzi". Kwangaxeshanye, oku kunokuchaphazela nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokomisa elandelayo.

Iindlela zokuchasana: Kwimiqolo yesithsaba esisigxina, umzimba wesithsaba kufuneka uphinde ucutshungulwe ukuze kwandiswe ixabiso lesithsaba. Kwimiqolo yesithsaba elawulekayo, uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic okanye lwe-pneumatic lunokwandiswa ukuze kwandiswe ixabiso lesithsaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luyahlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo.

5.3 Ukunxiba okungalinganiyo kweContour yesithsaba

Emva kokusebenza ixesha elide, umphezulu weroli uya konakala. Ukuba ukubola akulingani, i-crown contour iya konakala, kwaye kuya kuvela "amabala angalinganiyo" kumphezulu weroli. Oku kubangela iziphene ezifana "nemigca" kunye "nezimbobo" ephepheni, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wembonakalo yephepha.

Iindlela zokuchasana: Hlola rhoqo umphezulu weroli. Xa ukuguguleka kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, gaya kwaye ulungise umphezulu weroli ngexesha elifanelekileyo (umz., gaya kwakhona umda wesithsaba seroli yerabha ecinezelweyo) ukuze ubuyisele imo eqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu besithsaba kwaye uthintele ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo ekuchaphazeleni imveliso.

6. Isiphelo

Njengeteknoloji ebonakala incinci kodwa ibalulekile, isithsaba seeroli zomatshini wephepha yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wephepha ofanayo. Ukusuka kwisithsaba esizinzileyo kwiimashini zephepha ezikhawulezayo ukuya kwisithsaba esilawulekayo kwiimashini zephepha ezikhawulezayo nezibanzi, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yesithsaba luhlala lugxile kwinjongo ephambili "yokubuyisela ukuguquguquka kunye nokufikelela kuxinzelelo olufanayo", ukuzivumelanisa neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zokwenza iphepha. Uyilo lwesithsaba olufanelekileyo alusombululi nje kuphela iingxaki zomgangatho ezifana nobunzima obungalinganiyo bephepha kunye nokucocwa kakubi kwamanzi kodwa luphucula nokusebenza kakuhle kweemashini zephepha (ukunciphisa inani lokuqhekeka kwephepha) kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (ukuphepha ukomiswa kakhulu). Yinkxaso yobugcisa ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweshishini lephepha "kumgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi". Kwimveliso yephepha yexesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokuchaneka kwezixhobo kunye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo, itekhnoloji yesithsaba iya kuba ngcono kwaye ibe krelekrele, inegalelo ngakumbi kuphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lephepha.