Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa koomatshini bephepha, imiqulu eyahlukeneyo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ukusuka ekugxothweni kwewebhu yephepha elimanzi ukuya ekusekweni kweewebhu zephepha elomileyo. Njengomnye wezobuchwepheshe obuphambili ekuyilweni kweeroli zoomatshini bephepha, "isithsaba" - nangona kubonakala ngathi ulwahlulo oluncinci lwejometri lubandakanya - lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukufana kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wephepha. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ngokubanzi iteknoloji yesithsaba semiqulu yomatshini wephepha ukusuka kwimiba yenkcazo, umgaqo wokusebenza, ukuhlelwa, izinto eziphambili ezichaphazelayo kuyilo, kunye nokugcinwa, ukutyhila ukubaluleka kwayo kwimveliso yephepha.

1. Inkcazo yesithsaba: Umsebenzi oBalulekileyo kwiiyantlukwano ezincinci

"Isithsaba" (esichazwe ngesiNgesi ngokuthi "Isithsaba") sibhekisela ngokukodwa kwisakhiwo esikhethekileyo sejometri yeeroli zomatshini wephepha kwicala le-axial (ubude). Ububanzi bommandla ophakathi womzimba we-roll bukhulu kancinci kuneendawo zokuphela, ukwenza i-contour efana ne "drum esinqeni". Lo mahluko wedayamitha uqhele ukulinganiswa ngeemicrometers (μm), kwaye ixabiso lesithsaba leminye imiqulu emikhulu yokushicilela inokufikelela kwi-0.1-0.5 mm.

Isalathisi esiphambili sokulinganisa uyilo lwesithsaba "ixabiso lesithsaba", elibalwe njengomahluko phakathi kobukhulu bobukhulu bomzimba we-roll (ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-midpoint ye-axial direction) kunye nobubanzi be-roll ends. Ngokwenyani, uyilo lwesithsaba lubandakanya ukusetwa kwangaphambili lo mahluko mncinci wedayamitha ukuphelisa "i-sag ephakathi" yokuguqulwa komqulu obangelwa zizinto ezinje ngamandla kunye notshintsho lobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza lokwenyani. Ekugqibeleni, ifezekisa ukusabalalisa okufanayo koxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano kuwo wonke ububanzi be-roll surface kunye newebhu yephepha (okanye amanye amacandelo oqhagamshelwano), ebeka isiseko esiqinileyo somgangatho wephepha.

2. Imisebenzi engundoqo ye-Crown: Ukuhlawulela ukuguqulwa kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo olufanayo

Ngethuba lokusebenza komatshini wephepha, i-deformation ayinakuphepheka ngenxa yemithwalo yemishini, utshintsho lobushushu kunye nezinye izinto. Ngaphandle koyilo lwesithsaba, olu tshintsho luya kukhokelela kuxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo phakathi kwe-roll surface kunye newebhu yephepha - "uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiiphelo zombini kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi phakathi" - ngokubangela ngqo imiba enzulu yomgangatho onjengobunzima obungalinganiyo kunye nokungalingani kwephepha. Ixabiso elingundoqo lesithsaba lisekubuyekezweni ngokusebenzayo kolu tshintsho, olubonakaliswa ngokukodwa kule miba ilandelayo:

2.1 Ukubuyekeza ukuGuqulwa koLuhlu

Xa ii-core rolls zoomatshini bephepha, abafana ne-press rolls kunye ne-calender rolls, zisebenza, kufuneka zifake uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo kwiwebhu yephepha. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyanzeliswa komgca we-press rolls kunokufikelela kwi-100-500 kN / m. Kwimiqulu enomlinganiselo omkhulu wobude ukuya ku-diameter (umzekelo, ubude bemiqulu yokushicilela kumatshini wephepha obubanzi obubanzi bunokuba yi-8-12 yeemitha), i-elastic deformation yokugoba ezantsi embindini kwenzeka phantsi koxinzelelo, kufana "negxalaba eligoba phantsi komthwalo". Le deformation ibangela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo loqhagamshelwano phakathi kokuphela komqulu kunye newebhu yephepha, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphakathi alunelanga. Ngenxa yoko, iwebhu yephepha iphelelwa ngamanzi ngokugqithisileyo kuzo zombini iziphelo (okukhokelela ekomileni okuphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi) kunye nokungafumani manzi ngaphantsi embindini (okukhokelela ekubeni ukoma okuphantsi kunye nobunzima obuphezulu).

Nangona kunjalo, "i-drum-shaped-shaped" yesakhiwo sesithsaba siqinisekisa ukuba emva kokuba i-roll igobe, yonke indawo yomqulu ihlala idibene ngokuhambelana newebhu yephepha, ukufezekisa ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo olufanayo. Oku kujongana ngokufanelekileyo nemingcipheko esemgangathweni ebangelwa ukugoba deformation.

2.2 Ukubuyekeza iRoll Thermal Deformation

Eminye imiqulu, efana ne-guide rolls kunye ne-calender rolls kwicandelo lokumisa, ifumana ukwanda kwe-thermal ngexesha lokusebenza ngenxa yokunxibelelana ne-webs yephepha eliphezulu kunye nokufudumala kwe-steam. Ekubeni inxalenye ephakathi yomzimba we-roll ishushu ngakumbi (iziphelo zixhunywe kwiibheringi kwaye zichitha ukushisa ngokukhawuleza), ukwandiswa kwayo kwe-thermal kukhulu kuneephelo, ezikhokelela "kwi-middle bulge" ye-roll body. Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa koyilo lwesithsaba esiqhelekileyo kuya kwandisa uxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano olungalinganiyo. Ngoko ke, "isithsaba esibi" (apho ububanzi bendawo ephakathi buncinci kancinane kuneziphelo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba "sisithsaba esingasemva") kufuneka siyilwe ukucima i-bulge eyongezelelweyo ebangelwa ukwanda kwe-thermal, ukuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa koqhagamshelwano olufanayo kwi-roll surface.

2.3 Ukubuyekeza i-Uneven Roll Surface Wear

Ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide, ezinye iiroli (ezifana neerabha zokucofa) ziba nokukhuhlana rhoqo kwimiphetho yewebhu yephepha (njengoko imiphetho yewebhu yephepha ithanda ukuthwala ukungcola), okukhokelela ekugugeni ngokukhawuleza eziphelweni kunaphakathi. Ngaphandle koyilo lwesithsaba, i-roll surface iya kubonisa "i-bulge phakathi kunye ne-sag ekupheleni" emva kokugqoka, okuchaphazela ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo. Ngokumisela kwangaphambili isithsaba, ukufana kwe-roll surface contour kunokugcinwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lokunxiba, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yomqulu kunye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemveliso okubangelwa ukuguga.

3. Ulwahlulo lweSithsaba: Ukhetho lobuGcisa olulungiselelwe kwiiMeko ezahlukeneyo zokuSebenza

Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomatshini wephepha (isantya esiphantsi / isantya esiphezulu, ububanzi obumxinwa / ububanzi-ububanzi), umsebenzi we-roll (ucinezela / ukulinganisa / ukukhokela), kunye neemfuno zenkqubo, isithsaba sinokuhlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesithsaba ziyahluka kwiimpawu zoyilo, iindlela zohlengahlengiso, kunye neemeko zesicelo, njengoko kucacisiwe kule theyibhile ilandelayo:

4. Imiba ephambili enempembelelo kuYilo lwesithsaba: Ubalo oluchanekileyo ukuze ulungelelanise iiMfuno zeMveliso

Ixabiso lesithsaba alimiselwanga ngokungqongqo; kufuneka ibalwe ngokucokisekileyo ngokusekwe kwiiparamitha zoluhlu kunye neemeko zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okusebenzayo. Imiba ephambili ephembelela uyilo lwesithsaba ikakhulu ibandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

4.1 Ubungakanani bomqulu kunye neMathiriyeli

1. Roll Ubude bomzimba (L): Ubude be-roll body, i-deformation enkulu yokugoba phantsi koxinzelelo olufanayo, kwaye ngoko ke likhulu ixabiso lesithsaba esifunekayo. Umzekelo, imiqulu emide kumatshini wephepha obubanzi obubanzi ifuna ixabiso lesithsaba esikhulu kunemiqulu emifutshane kumatshini wephepha elimxinwa ukuhlawulela ukuguqulwa.
2. Roll Body Diameter (D): Incinci i-diameter yomzimba we-roll, i-rigidity ephantsi, kwaye i-roll ithandeka ngakumbi ku-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngoko ke, ixabiso elikhulu lesithsaba liyafuneka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiqulu enobubanzi obukhulu inobunzima obuphezulu, kwaye ixabiso lesithsaba lingancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ukuqina kwezinto: Izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhodi eqengqelekayo zinee-rigidities ezahlukeneyo; umzekelo, imiqulu yentsimbi inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunemiqulu yentsimbi. Izixhobo ezinobunzima obusezantsi zibonisa ukuguqulwa okubaluleke ngakumbi phantsi koxinzelelo, kufuna ixabiso elikhulu lesithsaba.

4.2 Uxinzelelo lokuSebenza (Uxinzelelo lwe-Linear)

Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo (uxinzelelo lwe-linear) lwemiqulu efana ne-press rolls kunye ne-calender rolls yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuyila kwesithsaba. Uxinzelelo olukhulu lomgca, kokukhona kubaluleke ngakumbi ukugoba komzimba we-roll, kunye nexabiso lesithsaba kufuneka linyuswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kulungiswe i-deformation. Ubudlelwane babo bunokubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ngefomula eyenziwe lula: Ixabiso leCrown H ≈ (P× L³)/ (48× E× I), apho i-P ixinzelelo lomgca, u-L ubude be-roll, u-E yimodyuli ye-elastic yezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye ndingumzuzu we-inertia ye-roll-cross-section. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwelayini lwemiqulu yoshicilelo lwephepha lokupakisha ludla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-300 kN/m, ngoko ke ixabiso elihambelana nesithsaba kufuneka libe likhulu kunelo lamaphepha enkcubeko anoxinzelelo olusezantsi lomgca.

4.3 Isantya somatshini kunye noHlobo lwePhepha

1. Isantya somatshini: Xa oomatshini bephepha besantya esiphezulu (isantya> 1200 m / min) besebenza, iwebhu yephepha ivakalelwa kakhulu kuxinzelelo olufana nolokumatshini wephepha eliphantsi. Nokuba ukuguquguquka okuncinci koxinzelelo kunokubangela iziphene zomgangatho wephepha. Ke ngoko, oomatshini bephepha elinesantya esiphezulu badla ngokuthatha “isithsaba esilawulekayo” ukuze bafumane imbuyekezo yexesha lokwenyani lokuguqulwa kotshintsho kwaye baqinisekise uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo.
2. Uhlobo lwePhepha: Iindidi zephepha ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokufana koxinzelelo. Iphepha lezicubu (umzekelo, iphepha lendlu yangasese elinobunzima obuyi-10-20 g/m²) linobunzima obusezantsi kwaye lunovakalelo olugqithisileyo kuxinzelelo lokuguquguquka, olufuna uyilo lwesithsaba oluchanekileyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iphepha elishinyeneyo (umzekelo, ikhadibhodi enobunzima obuyi-150-400 g/m²) inamandla okumelana nokuguquguquka koxinzelelo, ngoko ke iimfuno zokuchaneka kwesithsaba zinokuthotywa ngokufanelekileyo.

5. Imiba yeCrown eqhelekileyo kunye noLondolozo: Ukuhlolwa kwangexesha lokuqinisekisa iMveliso eZinzileyo

Uyilo olungenangqiqo lwesithsaba okanye ukugcinwa okungafanelekanga kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wephepha kwaye kubangele uchungechunge lweengxaki zokuvelisa. Imiba yesithsaba eqhelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo ehambelana nayo ilandelayo:

5.1 Ixabiso leSithsaba esikhulu ngokugqithisileyo

Ixabiso lesithsaba esikhulu ngokugqithisileyo likhokelela kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kumbindi womhlaba wokuqengqeleka, okukhokelela kubunzima obusezantsi kunye nokoma okuphezulu kwephepha embindini. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela "ukutyumza" (i-fiber breakage), echaphazela amandla kunye nokubonakala kwephepha.

Amanyathelo okulwa: Kwimiqulu yesithsaba esisigxina esetyenziswe kumatshini wephepha eliphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha imiqulu ngexabiso elifanelekileyo lesithsaba. Kwimiqulu yesithsaba esilawulekayo kumatshini wephepha elinesantya esiphezulu, i-hydraulic okanye uxinzelelo lwe-pneumatic lunokuncitshiswa ngenkqubo yesithsaba esilawulekayo ukunciphisa ixabiso lesithsaba de ukuhanjiswa koxinzelelo kufane.

5.2 Ixabiso leSithsaba esiNcinci ngokugqithisileyo

Ixabiso lesithsaba esincinci kakhulu libangela uxinzelelo olungonelanga phakathi kwendawo yokuqengqeleka, ekhokelela ekungamanzini ngokwaneleyo kwephepha phakathi, ukoma okuphantsi, ubunzima obuphezulu, kunye neziphene ezisemgangathweni ezifana "neendawo ezimanzi". Ngexesha elifanayo, kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokumisa elandelayo.

Amanyathelo okulwa: Kwimiqulu yesithsaba esisigxina, umzimba we-roll kufuneka uphinde uhlaziywe ukwandisa ixabiso lesithsaba. Kwimiqulu yesithsaba esilawulekayo, i-hydraulic okanye i-pneumatic pressure inokunyuswa ukuphakamisa ixabiso lesithsaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo.

5.3 UkuNxitywa kweCrown Contour engalinganiyo

Emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide, umphezulu we-roll uya kuba nakho ukunxiba. Ukuba ukunxiba kungalingani, i-contour yesithsaba iya kuphazamiseka, kwaye "amabala angalinganiyo" aya kubonakala kwi-roll roll. Oku ngakumbi kubangela iziphene ezifana "nemivumbo" kunye "ne-indentations" ephepheni, echaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wenkangeleko yephepha.

Amanyathelo okulwa: Hlola rhoqo umphezulu womqulu. Xa ukunxiba kufikelela kwinqanaba elithile, ukugaya kwangethuba kwaye ulungise umphezulu roll (umzekelo, regrind contour isithsaba imiqulu zerabha cinezela) ukubuyisela imilo eqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu isithsaba kunye nokuthintela ukuguga ngokugqithisileyo kuchaphazela imveliso.

6. Isiphelo

Njengobuchwephesha obubonakala bufihlakeleyo kodwa bubalulekile, isithsaba somatshini wephepha singundoqo wokuqinisekisa umgangatho wephepha ofanayo. Ukususela kwisithsaba esisisigxina kumatshini wephepha eliphantsi ukuya kwisithsaba esilawulekayo kwisantya esiphezulu, kumatshini wephepha elibanzi, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetheknoloji yesithsaba luhlala lugxile kwinjongo ephambili "yokuhlawula ukuguqulwa kunye nokuphumeza uxinzelelo olufanayo", ukulungelelanisa neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zokwenza iphepha. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwesithsaba alusombululi kuphela iingxaki ezisemgangathweni ezifana nobunzima besiseko sephepha kunye nokungacocwa kwamanzi kakubi kodwa kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini bephepha (ukunciphisa inani lokuqhawulwa kwephepha) kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (ukuphepha ukomisa kakhulu). Yinkxaso yobuchwephesha eyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni ishishini lamaphepha ukuya “kwizinga eliphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi”. Kwimveliso yamaphepha exesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokuchaneka kwezixhobo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo, iteknoloji yesithsaba iya kuphucuka ngakumbi kwaye ibe krelekrele, igalelo ngakumbi kuphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini lephepha.