Kwinkqubo yokukhupha iphepha kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha, izinto ezikrwada (ezifana neetships zomthi kunye nephepha elilahliweyo) zihlala ziqulathe ukungcola okufana nesanti, igrabile, isinyithi, kunye neplastiki. Ukuba azisuswanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ezi kungcola ziya kukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kwezixhobo ezilandelayo, zichaphazele umgangatho wephepha, kwaye zibangele nokuphazamiseka kwemveliso. Njengesixhobo esiphambili sonyango lwangaphambi konyango, isahluli sokukhupha i-slag sinomsebenzi ophambili wokuukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola okunzima nokulula kwi-pulpInika i-pulp ecocekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha emva koko kwaye isebenza njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo komgca wokuvelisa iphepha.

I. Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza oyintloko: oqhutywa "ngumahluko woxinano kunye nokwahlukana koomatshini"

Ingqiqo yokwahlulahlula kwesahluli sokukhupha inkunkuma isekelwe "kumahluko woxinano phakathi kokungcola kunye ne-pulp" kwaye ifezekisa ukususwa kokungcola okulinganiselweyo ngesakhiwo sayo soomatshini. Inkqubo yobugcisa eqhelekileyo inamanyathelo amabini:

1. Ukwahlukana Okukhulu Kokungcola: Emva kokuba i-pulp ingenile nge-feed port yesixhobo, iqala ingene "kwindawo yokwahlulwa kokungcola okukhulu". Kule ndawo, izinga lokuhamba kwe-pulp liyehla. Ukungcola okukhulu okufana nesanti, igrabile, kunye neebhloko zesinyithi, ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu kune-pulp, zihlala ngokukhawuleza ezantsi kwesixhobo ngenxa yomxhuzulane. Emva koko zikhutshwa rhoqo nge-automatic okanye ngesandla i-slag discharge valve.
2. Ukwahlulwa kobumdaka obukhanyayo: I-pulp, apho kususwe khona ukungcola okunzima, iyaqhubeka nokungena "kwindawo yokwahlulwa kokungcola okukhanyayo". Le ndawo idla ngokuxhotyiswa ngedrama yesikrini ejikelezayo okanye isakhiwo se-scraper. Ukungcola okukhanyayo okufana neziqwenga zeplastiki, iifayibha, kunye nothuli, ezinobunzima obuphantsi kune-pulp, kubanjwa yidrama yesikrini okanye kukhuhlwe yi-scraper. Ekugqibeleni, ziqokelelwa nge-outlet yokungcola okukhanyayo, ngelixa i-pulp ecocekileyo iqhubeka nenkqubo elandelayo.

II. Iiparameters zoBugcisa eziPhambili: Iimpawu eziPhambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle koKwahlukana

Xa ukhetha kwaye usebenzisa isahluli sokukhupha i-slag, kufuneka kugxilwe kwezi parameter zilandelayo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zomgca wemveliso:

• Ubuchule bokucubungula: Umthamo wepulp onokucutshungulwa ngexesha ngalinye (ngokuqhelekileyo ulinganiswa nge-m³/h). Kufuneka ulingane nomthamo wemveliso wezixhobo zokukhupha ezingaphambili ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqithiswa kakhulu okanye ukuchithwa kwamandla emveliso.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa: Isalathisi esiphambili sokulinganisa isiphumo sokususwa kokungcola. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo ezinzima (ezifana nesinyithi nesanti) ngokubanzi kufuna ≥98%, kwaye kwizinto ezingcolisayo ezilula (ezifana neplastiki kunye neefayibha ezirhabaxa) ≥90%. Ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuchaphazela ngqo ubumhlophe kunye namandla ephepha.
• Imbobo yeDrum yesikrini: Imisela ukuchaneka kokwahlulwa kokungcola kokukhanya kwaye ihlengahlengiswa ngokohlobo lwezinto eziluhlaza (umz., umngxuma we-0.5-1.5mm usetyenziswa rhoqo ekutsaleni iphepha elimdaka, kwaye ungandiswa ngokufanelekileyo ekutsaleni i-pulp yomthi). Umngxuma omncinci kakhulu unokuba sengozini yokuvaleka, ngelixa omkhulu kakhulu uya kubangela ukuvuza kokungcola kokukhanya.
• Uxinzelelo Lokusebenza: Uxinzelelo lokuhamba kwepulp ngaphakathi kwesixhobo (ngesiqhelo yi-0.1-0.3MPa). Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lunokubangela ukuguguleka kwesixhobo, ngelixa uxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu luchaphazela isantya sokwahlulwa. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo ngevalvu yokuphakelwa luyimfuneko.

III. Iindidi eziqhelekileyo: Zihlelwe ngokwesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ngokusekelwe kumahluko kwizinto zokwenza iphepha (i-pulp yomthi, i-pulp yephepha elilahliweyo) kunye neentlobo zokungcola, izahluli zokukhupha i-slag zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziindidi ezimbini:

• Abahluli bobuNgcola obuninzi (iiDesanders): Gxila ekususeni ukungcola okunzima. I-“vertical desander” eqhelekileyo inesakhiwo esincinci kunye nendawo encinci yomgangatho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwimigca yemveliso emincinci nephakathi; i-“vertical desander” inomthamo omkhulu wokucubungula kunye nokukwazi okukhulu ukuthintela ukuvaleka, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigca yemveliso yokukhupha amaphepha enkunkuma amakhulu.
• Abahluli bokungcola okuKhanyayo (Abahluli beSlag): Gxininisa ekususweni kokungcola kokukhanya. Ummeli oqhelekileyo "ngumatshini wokwahlulahlula i-slag wohlobo lwesikrini soxinzelelo", ofezekisa ukwahlukana ngedrama yesikrini ejikelezayo kunye nomahluko woxinzelelo, kwaye unemisebenzi yokucoca kunye nokususa i-slag. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhupha izinto ezicocekileyo ezifana ne-pulp yomthi kunye ne-bamboo pulp; kukwakho "nomatshini wokwahlulahlula i-slag we-centrifugal", osebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula ukungcola kokukhanya kwaye ufanelekile kunyango lwe-pulp enoxinzelelo oluphezulu (uxinzelelo ≥3%).

IV. Ukugcinwa Kwemihla Ngemihla: Isitshixo Sokwandisa Ubomi Bezixhobo Nokuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kakuhle

Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwesahluli sokukhupha inkunkuma kuxhomekeke kulondolozo oluqhelekileyo. Iindawo eziphambili zolondolozo ziquka:

1. Ukucocwa rhoqo kweDrum yesikrini: Emva kokucima yonke imihla, jonga ukuba idrama yesikrini ivaliwe na. Ukuba imingxuma ivaliwe yimicu okanye ukungcola, sebenzisa umpu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuhlamba okanye isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokuyisusa ukuze uphephe ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulahlula komsebenzi olandelayo.
2. Ukujonga ukutywinwa kweeValve zokukhupha iSlag: Ukuvuza kweevalvu zokukhupha ukungcola ezinzima nezikhaphukhaphu kuya kubangela inkunkuma yepulp kwaye kunciphise isiphumo sokwahlukana. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuguguleka kwezihlalo zeevalvu veki nganye kunye nokutshintsha iigaskets okanye iivalvu ezonakeleyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
3. Ukuthambisa Izinto Eziphambili: Yongeza ioyile ekhethekileyo yokuthambisa kwiindawo ezishukumayo zezixhobo, ezifana nomngxuma ojikelezayo kunye neebheringi, nyanga zonke ukuthintela umonakalo wecandelo obangelwa kukungqubana okomileyo kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.
4. Ukubeka esweni iiParamitha zokuSebenza: Iiparameters zemonitha yexesha langempela ezifana nomthamo wokucubungula, uxinzelelo, kunye nombane ngenkqubo yolawulo. Ukuba kuvela iiparameters ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nokunyuka koxinzelelo ngequbuliso okanye umbane ogqithisileyo), yima umatshini ngoko nangoko ukuze uhlolwe ukuze uphephe umonakalo wezixhobo ngenxa yokuxinana kakhulu.

V. Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweShishini: Ukuphucula ukuya “ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasebukrelekreleni”

Ngenxa yokwanda kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha, izahluli zokukhupha inkunkuma ziyaphuhliswa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu: Ngokwenza ngcono uyilo lomjelo wokuhamba (umz., ukwamkela "isakhiwo sokuphambuka esineendawo ezimbini") kunye nokuphucula izixhobo zedrama yesikrini (umz., intsimbi engagqwaliyo engagugiyo kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ezineemolekyuli eziphezulu), ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kuphucuka ngakumbi, kwaye ilahleko yepulp iyancitshiswa (kunciphisa izinga lokulahleka ukusuka kwi-3% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1%).
• Ubukrelekrele: Hlanganisa izinzwa kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwe-PLC ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhlanganiswa "kokubeka esweni ngokuzenzekelayo, ukulungiswa okukrelekrele, kunye nesilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha". Umzekelo, jonga umxholo wokungcola kwipulp ngexesha langempela ngesensor yoxinzelelo lokungcola, kwaye ulungise ngokuzenzekelayo uxinzelelo lokutya kunye nokuphindaphinda kokukhupha i-slag; ukuba izixhobo zivaliwe okanye izinto ziyasilela, inkqubo inokulumkisa ngoko nangoko kwaye ithumele iingcebiso zolondolozo, inciphise ukungenelela ngesandla kwaye iphucule inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo komgca wemveliso.

Ukuqukumbela, nangona isahluli sokukhupha i-slag singesona sixhobo "siphambili" kumgca wokuvelisa iphepha, "silitye lembombo" lokuqinisekisa uzinzo lweenkqubo ezilandelayo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wephepha. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo iintlobo, ulawulo lweeparameter, kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zemveliso, kunciphise ukusilela kwezixhobo, kwaye kubonelele ngenkxaso ephambili kwimveliso esebenzayo yamashishini okwenza iphepha.