Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zeRaw ekwenzeni iPhepha: Isikhokelo esiBanzi

I-Papermaking lishishini elihlonitshwa ixesha elixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphathekayo ukuvelisa iimveliso zephepha esizisebenzisayo imihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwimithi ukuya kwiphepha elihlaziyiweyo, into nganye ineempawu ezizodwa ezichaphazela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwephepha lokugqibela. Kwesi sikhokelo, siza kuphonononga ezona mathiriyeli zixhaphakileyo ekrwada ekwenzeni iphepha, iipropathi zazo zefiber, izivuno zepulp, kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ukhuni: Isiseko soMveli

Ukhuni yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekrwada ekwenzeni iphepha, kunye neendidi ezimbini eziphambili: i-softwood kunye ne-hardwood.

I-Softwood

• Ubude beFayibha: Ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-2.5 ukuya kwi-4.5 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: Phakathi kwe-45% kunye ne-55%.
• Iimpawu: Iifayili ze-Softwood zide kwaye ziguquguqukayo, zibenza zilungele ukuvelisa iphepha eliphezulu. Ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza i-interlocks eyomeleleyo kubangela ukuba iphepha elinokuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokomelela okuqinileyo. Oku kwenza i-softwood ibe yiprimiyamu yempahla ekrwada yokuvelisa iphepha lokubhala, iphepha lokuprinta, kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha eziphezulu.

Umthi onzima

• Ubude beFayibha: Malunga ne-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.7 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: Ngokuqhelekileyo i-40% ukuya kwi-50%.
• Iimpawu: Iintsinga zokhuni zifutshane xa zithelekiswa ne-softwood. Ngelixa bevelisa iphepha elinamandla aphantsi, bahlala bexutywa kunye ne-softwood pulp ukwenza iphepha eliphakathi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi lokuprinta kunye nephepha lethishu.

Izixhobo zezoLimo kunye neZityalo

Ngaphandle kweenkuni, iimveliso zezolimo ezininzi kunye nezityalo zibalulekile ekwenzeni iphepha, ezinikezela ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Iindiza zeendiza kunye nengqolowa

• Ubude beFayibha: Ngokumalunga ne-1.0 ukuya kwi-2.0 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 30% ukuya kwi-40%.
• Iimpawu: Ezi zinto zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Nangona isivuno sabo sepulp singekho phezulu kakhulu, bakulungele ukuvelisa iphepha lenkcubeko kunye nephepha lokupakisha.

Ngoqalo

• Ubude beFayibha: Uluhlu ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-3.5 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 40% ukuya kwi-50%.
• Iimpawu: Iintsinga zeBamboo zineepropati ezikufutshane nemithi, zinamandla amahle. Ngaphezu koko, i-bamboo inomjikelo omfutshane wokukhula kunye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo kwimithi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iindidi zamaphepha, kubandakanywa iphepha lenkcubeko kunye nephepha lokupakisha.

Bagasse

• Ubude beFayibha: 0.5 ukuya 2.0 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 35% ukuya kwi-55%.
• Iimpawu: Njengenkunkuma yezolimo, i-bagasse inobutyebi obuninzi. Ubude bayo befayibha bahluka kakhulu, kodwa emva kokulungiswa, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iphepha lokupakisha kunye nephepha lethishu.

Iphepha leNkunkuma: UKhetho oluZinzileyo

Inkunkuma yamaphepha idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwesetyhula kushishino lokwenza amaphepha.

• Ubude beFayibha: 0.7 mm ukuya kwi-2.5 mm. Umzekelo, iintsinga ezikwiphepha lenkunkuma ye-ofisi zifutshane, zijikeleze i-1 mm, ngelixa ezo zikwelinye iphepha lokupakisha lenkunkuma zinokuba nde.
• Imveliso yePulp: Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, umgangatho, kunye neteknoloji yokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma yephepha, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-60% ukuya kwi-85%. Izikhongozeli ezindala zamalahle (OCC) zinokuba nesivuno sepulp esimalunga nama-75% ukuya kuma-85% emva konyango olululo, ngelixa inkunkuma ye-ofisi exubeneyo idla ngokuba nesivuno sama-60% ukuya kuma-70%.
• Iimpawu: Ukusebenzisa iphepha elilahliweyo njengemathiriyeli ekrwada kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye kunesivuno esikhulu sepulp. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iphepha elisetyenzisiweyo kunye namaphepha angamazinki, igalelo kulondolozo lwezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.

Amanqaku oLungiselelo olungundoqo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinkqubo zepulping ziyahluka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli.Iinkuni, uqalo, iindiza neendiza zengqolowa zifuna ukuphekwangexesha le-pulping. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iikhemikhali okanye ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lokususa amacandelo angenayo i-fibrous efana ne-lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifayili ziyahlukana kwaye zilungele ukwenza iphepha.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-waste paper pulping ayifuni ukupheka. Endaweni yoko, ibandakanya iinkqubo ezinje nge-deinking kunye nokuhlola ukususa ukungcola kunye nokulungiselela iifiber ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona.

Ukuqonda iimpawu zezi zixhobo zekrwada kubalulekile kubenzi bamaphepha ukuba bakhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiimveliso zabo ezithile, ukulinganisa umgangatho, iindleko, kunye nokuzinza. Nokuba ngamandla eentsinga ze-softwood okanye i-eco-friendly yephepha elilahlwayo, imathiriyeli ekrwada nganye inegalelo elikhethekileyo kwihlabathi elahlukileyo leemveliso zephepha.