Izinto Eziqhelekileyo Zokwenziwa Kwephepha: Isikhokelo Esipheleleyo

Ukwenza iphepha lishishini elidumileyo elixhomekeke kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa iimveliso zephepha esizisebenzisa imihla ngemihla. Ukususela kumthi ukuya kwiphepha elisetyenzisiweyo, into nganye ineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezichaphazela umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwephepha lokugqibela. Kule khokelo, siza kuhlola izinto eziluhlaza eziqhelekileyo ekwenzeni iphepha, iimpawu zazo zefayibha, isivuno sepulp, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

Umthi: Isiseko seNdalo

Umthi yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iphepha, uneentlobo ezimbini eziphambili: umthi othambileyo kunye nomthi oqinileyo.

Umthi othambileyo

• Ubude beFiber: Ngokwesiqhelo isusela kwi-2.5 ukuya kwi-4.5 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: Phakathi kwama-45% nama-55%.
• Iimpawu: Iifayibha zomthi othambileyo zinde kwaye ziguquguquka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zilungele ukuvelisa iphepha elinamandla aphezulu. Ubuchule bazo bokwenza ii-interlocks eziqinileyo bubangela ukuba iphepha libe nokuqina okugqwesileyo kunye namandla okutsalwa. Oku kwenza i-softwood ibe yinto ekumgangatho ophezulu yokwenza iphepha lokubhala, iphepha lokuprinta, kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha ezinamandla aphezulu.

Umthi oqinileyo

• Ubude beFiber: Malunga ne-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.7 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: Ngokwesiqhelo i-40% ukuya kwi-50%.
• Iimpawu: Iifayibha zomthi oqinileyo zimfutshane xa zithelekiswa nezomthi othambileyo. Nangona zivelisa iphepha elinamandla aphantsi, zihlala zixutywa ne-softwood pulp ukwenza iphepha lokuprinta eliphakathi ukuya kweliphantsi kunye nephepha lethishu.

Izixhobo zezolimo nezezityalo

Ngaphandle kwemithi, iimveliso ezininzi zezolimo kunye nezityalo zibalulekile ekwenzeni iphepha, zibonelela ngozinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Iziqu zeStraw kunye neWheat

• Ubude beFiber: Malunga ne-1.0 ukuya kwi-2.0 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 30% ukuya kuma-40%.
• Iimpawu: Ezi zizinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Nangona isivuno sazo se-pulp singephezulu kakhulu, zifanelekile ukuvelisa iphepha lenkcubeko kunye nephepha lokupakisha.

I-bamboo

• Ubude beFiber: Iqala kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-3.5 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 40% ukuya kuma-50%.
• Iimpawu: Iifayibha zebhambo zineempawu ezikufutshane nomthi, zinamandla amahle. Ngaphezu koko, ibhambo inomjikelo omfutshane wokukhula kunye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla, okwenza ukuba ibe yenye indlela ebalulekileyo endaweni yomthi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amaphepha ahlukeneyo, kuquka iphepha lenkcubeko kunye nephepha lokupakisha.

I-Bagasse

• Ubude beFiber: 0.5 ukuya kwi-2.0 mm.
• Imveliso yePulp: 35% ukuya kuma-55%.
• Iimpawu: Njengenkunkuma yezolimo, i-bagasse ityebile kwizixhobo. Ubude bayo befayibha buyahluka kakhulu, kodwa emva kokucutshungulwa, ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iphepha lokupakisha kunye nephepha lethishu.

Iphepha Elilahlwayo: Ukhetho Oluzinzileyo

Iphepha elilahliweyo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo lweshishini lokwenza amaphepha.

• Ubude beFiber: 0.7 mm ukuya kwi-2.5 mm. Umzekelo, imicu ekwiphepha lenkunkuma yeofisi imfutshane kakhulu, malunga ne-1 mm, ngelixa leyo ikwiphepha lenkunkuma yokupakisha inokuba nde.
• Imveliso yePulp: Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, umgangatho, kunye netekhnoloji yokucubungula iphepha elilahliweyo, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-60% ukuya kwi-85%. Izikhongozeli ezindala ezirhabaxa (OCC) zinokuba nesivuno se-pulp esimalunga ne-75% ukuya kwi-85% emva kokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa iphepha elixutyiweyo lenkunkuma yeofisi lidla ngokuba nesivuno se-60% ukuya kwi-70%.
• Iimpawu: Ukusebenzisa iphepha elilahliweyo njengezinto eziluhlaza kuyanceda kwindalo kwaye kunemveliso ephezulu yepulp. Lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iphepha eliphinde lasetyenziswa kunye nephepha elirhabaxa, nto leyo enegalelo ekugcinweni kwezixhobo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.

Amanqaku Okucwangciswa Okubalulekileyo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinkqubo zokukhupha i-pulping ziyahluka kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo.Iinkuni, uqalo, umququ, kunye neengca zengqolowa zifuna ukuphekwangexesha lokutyumba. Le nkqubo isebenzisa iikhemikhali okanye ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukususa izinto ezingezizo iifayibha ezifana ne-lignin kunye ne-hemicellulose, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifayibha zahlulwe kwaye zilungele ukwenziwa kwephepha.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukucocwa kwamaphepha amdaka akudingi kuphekwa. Endaweni yoko, kubandakanya iinkqubo ezinje ngokucocwa nokucoca ukuze kususwe ukungcola kunye nokulungiselela imicu ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona.

Ukuqonda iimpawu zezi zinto ziluhlaza kubalulekile kubenzi bephepha ukuba bakhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiimveliso zabo ezithile, balinganise umgangatho, iindleko, kunye nokuzinza. Nokuba kukuqina kweefayibha zomthi othambileyo okanye ukuba iphepha elilahliweyo lilungele indalo, zonke izinto eziluhlaza zinegalelo ngokukodwa kwihlabathi elahlukeneyo leemveliso zephepha.