Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lweshishini lokwenza amaphepha, umgangatho wokwenza amaphepha yeyona nto iphambili emisela umgangatho wephepha, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nexabiso elongezelelekileyo lemveliso. Oomatshini bephepha be-fourdrinier bemveli basebenzisa ukucocwa kwamanzi kwicala elinye kunye nokwenziwa ngocingo olusezantsi, oluye lwahlushwa ziingxaki zoshishino ezinje ngokuba namacala amabini, ukwakheka kakubi kwamaphepha kunye nesantya esilinganiselweyo semveliso. Njengesixhobo esiphuculweyo esiphambili soomatshini bephepha be-fourdrinier, i-top wire former ixhomekeke kwiingenelo zobugcisa zokucocwa kwamanzi ngamacala amabini kunye nokwakheka kweendlela ezimbini. Ibe yindlela ephambili yokulungiselela imigca yanamhlanje yokuvelisa amaphepha aphakathi naphezulu ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wephepha, kwandiswe amandla emveliso kwaye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni amaphepha aqhelekileyo kubandakanya iphepha lenkcubeko, iphepha lokupakisha kunye nephepha elikhethekileyo.
## 1. Inkcazo esisiseko kunye nokwakheka kwezixhobo ze-Top Wire
Ucingo oluphezulu, olwaziwa ngokuba lucingo oluphezulu, kunye nezixhobo zalo ezixhasayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-top wire former. Yinkqubo yentambo yokwenza i-polyester efakwe ngaphezulu kwecandelo lentambo loomatshini bephepha bendabuko be-fourdrinier, eyenza isakhiwo sentambo esineengqimba ezimbini kunye nocingo olusezantsi lwesixhobo. Izixhobo ezipheleleyo zenziwe ikakhulu yi-guide rolls, i-forming rolls, i-tension rolls, i-correction rolls, i-return rolls kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa ukucoca kunye nokutshiza. Inesakhiwo esincinci kunye nokuziqhelanisa okuqinileyo, inokufaniswa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ihlaziywe ngoomatshini bephepha be-fourdrinier abakhoyo.
Ngexesha lokuvelisa nokusebenza, ucingo oluphezulu alufuni injini ezimeleyo kwaye lusebenza ngokungqamana nocingo olusezantsi kunye nolwephepha olumanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kakhulu. I-pulp kuqala idlula ekususweni kwamanzi kwangaphambili kwintambo esezantsi ukuze yenze ulwelo lokuqala lwephepha elimanzi, oluthi emva koko lungene kwindawo yokubambelela eyenziwe ngolwephepha oluphezulu kunye nolwephepha elisezantsi. Ibotshelelwe ngokuzinzileyo yi-wire mesh enamaleko amabini, ulwelo lwephepha lugqibezela ukukhutshelwa kwamanzi okulandelayo kunye nokwenziwa kakuhle, lutshintsha ngokupheleleyo indlela yemveli yokwenza ulwelo olunecala elinye.
## 2. Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza kwe-Top Wire Forming
Iingenelo eziphambili zokwenza ucingo oluphezulu zikwi **bidirectional symmetrical dewing kunye ne-flexible uniforming**. Oomatshini bephepha be-fourdrinier bemveli bahluza amanzi kuphela ngentambo esezantsi. Iifayibha ezincinci kunye nezizalisi kwi-pulp zihlala phantsi ngokuhamba kwamanzi, nto leyo ebangela umphezulu oxineneyo osezantsi kunye nomphezulu okhululekileyo wewebhu yephepha kunye nomahluko ocacileyo wesakhiwo phakathi kwamacala omabini.
Emva kokuba ucingo oluphezulu luqalisiwe ukusebenza, kwenziwa umjelo wokukhupha amanzi ongaphezulu nolusezantsi xa ulwelo olumanzi lungena kwindawo yokubamba intambo yomaleko omabini: amanzi anokukhutshwa ezantsi ngolwelo olusezantsi aze anyuke ngolwelo oluphezulu. Phantsi kokuphazamiseka okuncinci kokuphuma kwamanzi kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwamanzi kolwelo olumabini, iifayibha flocs ngaphakathi kolwelo olumabini ziyasasazeka kancinci, kwaye iifayibha ezicwangcisiweyo ngokungalungelelananga ziyasasazwa ngokufanayo, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ulungelelwaniso losasazo lwezizalisi kunye neefayibha ezincinci. Okwangoku, ulawulo loxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwendawo yokubamba luthintela ukutyumzwa kwentambo kunye nokuqhekeka kwephepha okubangelwa kukucinezelwa ngokukhawuleza kwephepha elimanzi, okwenza iphepha libe semgangathweni ophezulu kwaye lizinzile.
## 3. Iingenelo eziphambili zocingo oluphezulu kwimveliso yokwenza iphepha
### 3.1 Ukususa iPhepha eliMacala-mbini kunye nokuphucula uMgangatho wePhepha
Ukungabi namacala amabini sisiphoso esikhulu somgangatho wokwenziwa kwephepha lendabuko le-fourdrinier, esibonakala ngokwahluka okukhulu kokugudileyo, ukuvuleka, ukuprintwa kunye nokungaguquguquki kombala phakathi kwamacala angaphambili nangasemva ephepha, oku kuchaphazela kakhulu isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwamanqaku ephepha akumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokususa amanzi ngendlela elinganayo emacaleni amabini, ucingo oluphezulu lulinganisela ukuqina kwefayibha kunye nesakhiwo seembobo kumacala omabini ewebhu yephepha kwaye lunciphisa kakhulu umahluko wokusebenza phakathi kwamacala amabini. Iphepha elilungiselelweyo linomphezulu othambileyo nofanayo onamatheliso aphuculweyo kakhulu kunye nokuchaneka kokuprinta okungaphezulu, okwenza kube lulungiselelo olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa amaphepha enkcubeko akumgangatho ophezulu njengephepha elingaphandle, iphepha elisezantsi eligqunywe ngentsimbi, iphepha lokukopa kunye nephepha lokhuseleko.
### 3.2 Ukuphucula Ukwakheka Kwamaphepha Nokususa Iziphene Zomphezulu
Ukuxinana kwefayibha kuyenzeka ngexesha lokwenziwa kwepulp, ukwenza iiflocs zephepha, amanqaku efu, imingxunya yepinki kunye nezinye iziphene ezibonakalayo ezinciphisa umgangatho wephepha. Amandla amancinci okucheba adalwa ngexesha lokusebenza kwendawo yokubamba ucingo ephezulu anokusasaza ngempumelelo iiflocs zepulp, enze iifayibha kunye nezizalisi zisasazeke ngokulinganayo, aphucule kakhulu ukwakheka kwephepha liphela, anciphise iziphene zomphezulu wephepha, kwaye aphucule kakhulu umgangatho wembonakalo yephepha kunye nezinga lokufaneleka kwemveliso egqityiweyo.
### 3.3 Ukuphucula Amandla Okukhupha Amanzi kunye Nokwandisa Amandla Okuvelisa
Ucingo oluphezulu lunokuthwala i-30% ~ 40% yomthamo wonke wokukhupha amanzi kwicandelo lentambo, lwabelana ngempumelelo nomthwalo osebenzayo webhokisi yokuvalela intambo esezantsi kwaye luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha amanzi kwicandelo lentambo. Phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zemveliso, ukoma kwephepha elimanzi eliphuma kwintambo kuyanda kakhulu kwiimashini zephepha ezixhotyiswe ngeentambo eziphezulu, nto leyo eyaphula ngokupheleleyo imbobo yomthamo onganeleyo wokukhupha amanzi kunye nokusebenza okukhawulezileyo kwesantya esiphezulu kweemashini zephepha zendabuko ze-fourdrinier. Isantya somatshini wephepha sinokunyuswa nge-20% ~ 50%, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu umthamo wemveliso yomgca wemveliso. Ukongeza, ukukhuculula amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe amanzi kunciphisa ubude betafile yentambo kwaye konga iindleko zotyalo-mali zokwakha izityalo nezixhobo.
### 3.4 Ukunciphisa Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso kunye nokwandisa ixesha lenkonzo yezixhobo
Indlela yokukhupha amanzi kwicala ngalinye yocingo oluphezulu inciphisa ixesha lokusebenza kunye nomthwalo wokufunxa i-vacuum ephezulu yocingo olusezantsi, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kweepompo ze-vacuum kwaye yonga amandla emveliso. Okwangoku, ucingo olusezantsi alusenazo zonke iimpembelelo ze-pulp kunye nokungqubana koxinzelelo olubi kuphela, okubangela ukunciphisa izinga lokuguguleka, ixesha elide lenkonzo, kunye namaxesha ambalwa okutshintshwa kwentambo kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi amhlophe ephuculiweyo iphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwe-pulp, inciphisa umthwalo wemveliso yelindle, kwaye ifezekisa ukonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nemveliso eluhlaza.
## 4. Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kweengcingo eziphezulu
Ngokwesisindo sephepha, iimfuno zenkqubo kunye nesantya sokuvelisa, iingcingo eziphezulu zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezilungelelaniswe neemeko ezahlukeneyo zemveliso:
### 4.1 Intambo ephezulu yohlobo lweRoll
Njengemodeli ephambili kwimarike, yenza indawo yokubophelela ecinezelweyo nge-arc ngokwenza imiqolo ukuze kufezekiswe ukucocwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo. Ngoxinzelelo oluzinzileyo, ukulungiswa okulula kunye nokunyamezelana kokusebenza okuphezulu, ifanelekile kwimigca yemveliso ephakathi nephezulu enesantya se-250–1000m/min, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni uninzi lwamaphepha emizi-mveliso afana nephepha elingaphandle, ibhodi yekhathoni kunye nephepha elisisiseko elirhangqiweyo.
### 4.2 Intambo ephezulu yohlobo lwe-scraper
Ithatha indawo yeeroli zokwakheka zendabuko ngeepleyiti zokukrwela amanzi ze-arc, ezinoxinzelelo oluthambileyo lwendawo yokubopha kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kancinci. Ingakuphepha ngempumelelo umonakalo wokucinezelwa kunye nokuqhekeka kwephepha lephepha elincinci elinobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye isebenza kakhulu ekuvelisweni kwephepha elincinci elinobunzima obuphantsi njengephepha langasese kunye nephepha elincinci.
### 4.3 Intambo Ephezulu Edibeneyo
Idibanisa iingenelo ezimbini zeentambo eziphezulu zohlobo lwe-scraper kunye nohlobo lwe-roll-type, isebenzisa ii-scrapers zokususa amanzi kancinci ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe kwicandelo elingaphambili kunye nezakhiwo zohlobo lwe-roll-type zokususa amanzi ngokunyanzelekileyo kwicandelo elingasemva. Ilungelelanisa ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kakuhle, inokukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwamaphepha ahlukeneyo anobunzima obuphezulu nobuphantsi, kwaye yeyona ndlela ikhethwayo kumashishini amakhulu okwenza amaphepha apheleleyo.
## 5. Ixabiso kunye neNdlela yoPhuhliso lweZicelo zoShishino lweeNtambo eziphezulu
Ishishini lokwenza amaphepha ngoku liphuhlisa lisiya kwi **isantya esiphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ukonga amandla kunye nokuphucula**. Inkqubo yendabuko ebanzi yokwenza icala elinye ayisakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yeemveliso zephepha eziphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo, iteknoloji yokwenza ucingo oluphezulu isombulula umgangatho oyintloko kunye neendawo ezibuhlungu zokuvelisa iphepha le-fourdrinier ukusuka kumthombo. Ayinakuphucula kuphela umgangatho wephepha ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa ikwanciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emveliso kunye neendleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, inikezela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Kwimigangatho yephepha eyongeziweyo enexabiso eliphezulu njengephepha lenkcubeko elikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nephepha lokupakisha elincinci, ucingo oluphezulu yinkqubo ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukukhuphisana kwimarike yemveliso; kwiimigangatho zephepha zemizi-mveliso eziqhelekileyo, ukuhlaziywa kocingo oluphezulu yindlela efanelekileyo yokuguqula ubugcisa bokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokunyuka kwemveliso ngokunciphisa iindleko. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa kobuchule nangokuchaneka kwezixhobo zokwenza iphepha, inkqubo yokwenza ucingo oluphezulu iya kuguqukela ekuhlengahlengisweni koxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, ukucoca ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo olukrelekrele, oluhambelana ngakumbi neemfuno zemveliso yanamhlanje yokwenza iphepha ekhawulezayo nesemgangathweni ophezulu, kwaye ibe yiteknoloji yokwenza isiseko esibalulekileyo kwishishini lokwenza iphepha.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-07-2026